Navigating uncertainty: The psychological strain on borderline candidates in the postgraduate recommendation system

Abstract

Amid intensifying competition for postgraduate admission in the mainland of China, an increasing number of students are pursuing the recommendation pathway (Baoyan) as an alternative to the national entrance examination. However, intense competition within this system has produced unanticipated consequences, particularly for borderline candidates whose academic performance falls near the eligibility threshold. Despite pervasive anxiety and uncertainty, many persist in the competition, underscoring the need for closer scholarly attention to their experiences. This study applies Merton’s theory of unanticipated consequences to explore the psychological and social impacts of the recommendation system on borderline candidates. Using a qualitative case study approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight borderline candidates from Double First-Class universities, selected for their higher recommendation quotas and intense internal competition. Borderline status was defined as students whose academic rankings fell within 20 percent above or below the institutional recommendation threshold. Thematic analysis of interview data examined effects on academic performance, psychological well-being, and interpersonal relationships. Findings revealed: (1) persistent uncertainty caused anxiety, insomnia, and emotional stress; (2) the system’s merit-based evaluations pushed candidates to overextend in research, competitions, and extracurriculars, leading to burnout and a utilitarian approach to learning; (3) peer relationships blended rivalry and support, with trust erosion alongside increased empathy; (4) coping strategies included self-adaptation, seeking support, and avoidance. Through Merton’s lens, the study highlights how institutional design, individual motivation, and campus culture intersect to produce unanticipated outcomes. The study calls on universities to refine recommendation criteria, strengthen psychological support, and cultivate collaborative campus environments to mitigate structural pressures and foster students’ holistic development.

Document Type: Original article

Cited as:

Zhao, A. Y., & Wang, K. T. (2026). Navigating uncertainty: The psychological strain on borderline candidates in the postgraduate recommendation system. Education and Lifelong Development Research, 3(1): 45-59. https://doi.org/10.46690/elder.2026.01.05

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